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German North Polar Expedition : ウィキペディア英語版 | German North Polar Expedition
German North Polar Expedition was a short series of mid-19th century German expeditions to the Arctic. The aim was to explore the North Polar Region and to brand the newly united, Prussian-led German Empire as a great power. In 1866, the German geographer August Petermann wrote a pamphlet ("Proclamation to the German Nation") strongly advocating German participation in the international quest for the North Pole, which kicked off the setup of a German expedition. ==First German North Polar Expedition== The first expedition took place in the summer of 1868 and was led by Carl Koldewey on the vessel ''Grönland''. The expedition explored some hitherto unknown coastal tracts of northeastern Spitsbergen, but did otherwise not lead to any new scientific knowledge. However, it served as preparation for the second expedition.〔(Venzke, Jörg-Friedhelm (1990) The 1869/70 German North Polar Expedition. The Arctic 43(1): 83-85. )〕
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